This summer, Stephanie Blount provided us with a beautiful report that outlines recommendations for how to support these cooperatives in their path to business independence and sustainability.  Here are some excerpts from this report…..

“[A cooperative is] an autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social and cultural aspirations through a jointly-owned and democratically-controlled enterprise.”

– Official definition of ‘cooperative’ according to Rwanda MINICOM

“Independence” can be defined in a variety of ways. The implicit assumption is that independence in this context should be equated with some measure of monetary success. However, The Ihangane Project recognizes the utility of a multi-dimensional reading of the word. Indeed, even the Oxford Dictionary definition: “Freedom from control, influence, support, aid, or the like,” suggests that the concept itself is of utmost complexity, and its interpretation very personal.

COOPERATIVE GOALS:

The discussion of “goals” occurred rather early on during my time in Rwanda and perhaps as a result, the level of communication was not as strong as I would have liked. Individual women seemed to have different interpretations of “goals” – some were expressly more business related, and others more personal (see section on Household Assessments). But some coherent themes emerged which I classify into 3 distinct sections below. I also include a fourth section which I believe to be just as important but which was not mentioned by the women. I believe that the women of both Ihangane Women’s Association and Covaru Cooperative would equate achieving these 4 Goals with achieving “independence” and “success”.

I will have reached my Goals if I can…

1. … make an income large enough to sustain my family.

2. … become a skilled artisan who makes craft work of the highest quality in Rwanda.

3. … acquire business skills and a business-minded approach.

4. … become self-assured and confident in my abilities and personal value.                

SWOT Analysis:

To achieve the goals outlined above, a robust business plan must be developed. A SWOT analysis will provide the groundwork upon which to build this plan. The outcomes of this analysis will dictate the “next steps” taken on the road to independence. Below I outline the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of Ihangane Women’s Association and Covaru Cooperative.  There will be areas of significant overlap in the SWOT analyses of both. However, the groups do possess some fundamentally different characteristics that are a function of their history and group make-up. For this reason, I will list shared strengths and weaknesses together and provide a separate list of attributes that are applicable to each group respectively. It is also important to note that at times, even shared characteristics may differ in subtle ways. I will elaborate upon such nuances in the recommendations section. I do not distinguish between opportunities and threats for each group respectively as the external characteristics that may benefit or harm both cooperatives are the same.

Shared Strengths: The value that already exists within the business

·         Community ties and connections
·         Natural Resources and Access to low cost Materials
·         Capacity for Increased Production

Ihangane Women’s Association Strengths

·         Commitment to Business Success
·         Skills Knowledge- some members have extensive experience making traditional crafts

Covaru Cooperative Strengths

·         Association History
       Spirit of Independence
       Group Cohesion
       Innovation

Shared Weaknesses: Characteristics internal to the business that require improvement

·         Internal Performance measurement- measuring their performance or determining “success"

      Innovation and Skills Strengthening

·        Power dynamics - Some cooperative members hesitate to express opinions/ideas to the leadership and broader group. This could be a symptom of a number of issues including low self-confidence, a lack of understanding of the expectations of membership in a cooperative etc.

      Location- Trends in handicraft design are set in the nation’s capital and Ruli is a 2+ hour drive from Kigali.

Fostering Empowerment and Self-Efficacy:

Another item worthy of note is that of the 12 home visits conducted, 9 were at the homes of Covaru members. At first I assumed there was simply more enthusiasm within the Covaru group about my involvement, but in retrospect I believe the Covaru women were more aggressive about wanting me to visit than the Ihangane women. I don’t think the fact that Ihangane is comprised of a number of HIV+ women is incidental to this outcome. Self-confidence and personal value is undoubtedly lower among the women of Ihangane Women’s Association. This was apparent not just by the fact that fewer Ihangane women approached me to visit their homes, but also in the content of conversation I held with women of both groups. Covaru women would ask me pointed questions about myself and about their business that Ihangane women never did. I have already suggested the importance of empowerment training for both groups, but the home visits solidified that this is especially necessary for Ihangane.

Measuring Success:

The principle differences between the women of Ihangane and Covaru turn out not to be explicitly monetary in nature; indeed the main difference on average is whether or not the woman has children. This may be a function of age as Covaru women are younger on average. (Of course, the fact that Ihangane women are more likely to have children does have some fiscal import because it means that they require more financial support to survive. But from the standpoint of the entire household, both groups experience equivalent financial instability.) Because their financial situations are comparable, is impossible to identify ‘indicators of financial success’ by comparing Covaru women’s experiences and Ihangane women’s experiences. However, by analyzing the group of interviews as a whole, I have singled out the following as potential specific indicators of financial success that would be useful to measure whether membership in either cooperative is yielding positive results in the women’s lives over time:

i. Existence of savings

ii. Number of children who have completed primary school

iii. Location of home – in or out of agglomeration

iv. Hours of free time per day

v. Number of animals/square meters of land purchased since joining

Kigali Field Trips:

I organized individual trips to Kigali for both cooperatives with the intention of exposing the women to the products manufactured by their stiffest competition. The idea was to position the groups in such a way that they were primed for self-reflection. Without leading them to the answers, I wanted them to conduct a critical comparison between their products and what they observed in the stores frequented by the consumers they would like to target. In all of our conversations prior to the Kigali visit, each woman opined that the main inhibitor to the businesses’ success was insufficient demand/lack of a market place. In the post-Kigali recap however, the women agreed that their primary inhibitor was comparatively low quality and a lack of innovation.

Acquiring an understanding of how to turn the concept of ‘innovative design’ into tangible products is critical for cooperative success in this field. Every store proprietor and sales person we spoke with during our tour of handicrafts in Kigali was explicit about the need for today’s artisans to take a novel approach to traditional handicrafts.

Looking for a handmade gift that supports women in Rwanda and social enterprise in India? You have come to the right place! We are proud to share our newest collaboration with Eyaas.com in New Delhi, India. They will be hocking our beautiful basket wares from India, making these crafts available throughout the world.  For only $5 USD, these items can be shipped to the United States. This will dramatically improve our ability to purchase additional baskets from the women, because it lowers our cost for shipping large quantities to the US.

Check out the latest styles!

Today was a very sad day. Today, one of our participants in the Nutrition for HIV-Exposed Infants, Daphrose, passed away at the age of 39. To meet Daphrose, you would never know of the traumas she faced in her life. She was always smiling and laughing. The joy with which she played with her daughter was so very touching. She jumped at the opportunity to learn how to make baskets and banana leaf cards, although her true dream was to return to secondary school.     

What is not clear from meeting Daphrose are the losses that she carried with her. The first hint is within her home. She lived with her two brothers, and her sister next door, in a relatively new ‘umudugudu’. The home is large and well-made, although strangely lacking in furniture. There are wires that travel up the wall to an imaginary light bulb, but no electricity. The story is that her mother died when Daphrose was young. Her father lived in this home with his children, until a few years ago, when he packed all of the furniture (as well as the family’s lone solar panel) and moved to another community to begin a new family. Through this experience, the brothers and sisters became even closer and supported one another through the challenges that they faced. 

When Daphrose became pregnant for the first time, she thought this would be the opportunity to give her daughter what she had lacked. Sadly, this child was born with HIV and died shortly after she was born. She celebrated when her second child was HIV-. But, in a terrible twist of fate, her second child also died. This time, the cause was unclear but thought likely to be due to malnutrition after Daphrose stopped breastfeeding. When her third child was born, she was absolutely determined to avoid the tragedies of the past. She took her HIV medications diligently, followed all of the recommendations for breastfeeding, and joined our pilot group to ensure that her daughter would not develop malnutrition when she stopped breastfeeding. Indeed, her daughter thrived! She is HIV-, and did not suffer the complications of malnutrition as her other child had.

Life was looking good for Daphrose and her young daughter! Tragically, in January, Daphrose became very ill. She went to the hospital, where she was found to have an invasive form of pelvic cancer that is caused by the wart virus (HPV) and is stimulated by HIV infection. She was sent to the referral hospital in Kigali, only to be sent back to Ruli with the news that nothing could be done. Daphrose was in the hospital for 3 months before passing away from this aggressive cancer. Throughout her hospital stay, her sisters of the Ihangane Artisan Association visited her daily to provide food and emotional support.

 Her terrible loss is a reminder that there is still so much work to be done. Her passing weighs very heavily on our entire team, her family, her fellow program participants, and co-workers at Ihangane Association. Especially for the Rwandans who must watch these tragedies every day, it feels as though when they find a way to “plug one hole”, they lose someone to another hole. Despite this, their faith and perseverance carry them through and they continue to do their best. In Rwanda, I often hear “you must try” and “you can do your best”. For those like Daphrose and her daughter, we must try and continue to do our best.

Written on May 17, 2011 and posted later due to lack of internet access in Rwanda.

Part 2: This is the second entry in the blog series by Michella Otmar about the Nutrition for HIV-exposed Infants (NHI) home visits during the Summer of 2010.

Climbing a steep dirt path, we approached a newly build house with a stunning vista of the valley below.  I stopped for a second to catch my breath and take in the view.  We were in Coko, visiting Olive, one of the participants in the NHI program.  She walks two and a half hours each way from her home to Ruli District hospital to participate in the NHI program.  She does this in her flip-flop shoes, her infant child strapped to her back and her toddler in tow.  Though petite in stature, she is a strong and resilient woman.  At the time of our visit, she and her mother had just completed the construction of their new home, a project they completed by hand and on their own.  They built this new house to replace the home they lost in a landslide just a couple months before.  Though the house was cold, without a floor and built on yet another potential slide area, it was a vast improvement to the alternative.  This scenario was not unique to Olive.  Another participant also had lost her home in a landslide and was living in a new home, adjacent to the first house. In both cases, there was concern about damage that could come with the next rains.  One woman lived with her infant in a single windowless room no bigger than a walk-in closet.  Most of the women cook over an open flame indoors where they are exposed to the exhaust of the fire.  All the women dedicate hours to collecting water and preparing it for their children.  None have access to electricity in their homes.        

Completing home visits with NHI program participants was perhaps one of the most important components in helping shed light on the growing complexities of health as it relate to our patients.  Taking medication, receiving formula for one’s infant and food supplementation, is only one small part of improving or maintaining health for our participants and their children.  For many of them, access to the basic resources such as clean water, heat, shelter, food, and medical services, presents a profound challenge.  And yet these basic resources are instrumental in maintaining physical and emotional health. 

In working with NHI participants, one cannot simply look narrowly at just one aspect of health and ignore the rest.  And taking on all aspects of the problem at once would be impossible.  As we assess and address one area, we see a dozen more that need attention.  It seems that this is the heart of the challenges faced in global health and what can seem to be an overwhelming situation.  Completing the home visits certainly exposed “the dozen” additional issues, but is serves as a reminder to keep evolving the projects to include the interweaving factors of health.  They truly are interdependent.  At the year mark of the NHI program, participants were grateful to have been included and eager to continue with The Ihangane Project.  Many of them began a training program in basket weaving and handcrafts with TIP’s Women’s Association & Reinvestment Program.  This not only provides income generation for this vulnerable population but also social interaction and community building. While traveling in Rwanda, Wendy and I would often be told (and then we would remind each other)……. “buhoro, buhoro” meaning ‘little by little’. 

~Buhoro, Buhoro each step makes a difference~

This video shares some of our experiences with Olive and her family:

by: Michella Otmar Part 1: This is the first entry in the blog series about the Nutrition for HIV-exposed Infants (NHI) home visits during the Summer of 2010. In the summer of 2010, Wendy and I traveled to Ruli, Rwanda to work on many of The Ihangane Project (TIP) programs.  One of our central focuses was to evaluate the progress of TIP’s Nutrition for HIV exposed Infants (NHI) program and assess for its potential growth.  At this point, the program had been distributing food supplementation in the form of Sosoma and formula for approximately one year to the 7 participants in the pilot group of this project.  Upon our first meeting with the group since Wendy kicked off the program the year before, it was clear by visual assessment alone that the program was benefitting the nutritional status of the infants. These seven infants appeared to be of age appropriate growth, development and socialization. One of our objectives was to really look at the requirements of the program and see how much of a challenge it presented to the participants.  It was evident to us that the pilot group was actively participating, but we did not want to assume that their enthusiasm translated to mean that the requirements presented no hardship.  Some of the program requirements state that participants attend bi-monthly meetings with the VCT team, obtain a sippy cup for their infant and use boiled water when preparing the infant’s food.  But what did that mean for the group?  How far were people traveling to attend meetings and by what means did they get there? What sources of income did they have?  Where did they collect water and how was it prepared? Where did they collect firewood and how long did this take?  We had many questions about they way they lived and so we asked the group at our first meeting, “Can we come visit you at your homes?”  Everyone agreed and so over the next month, we visited the homes of each of the women.  This was perhaps the most insightful experience of the entire trip. Life has presented many circumstances in which the phrase ‘things aren’t always what they seem’ has been an appropriate statement, but at no other time in my recent memory has it been more apparent than it was during our home visits.  It was during our first meeting at the hospital that I had begun to formulate my judgments and opinions about the women and the program. As the women assembled together for our first meeting, I saw women dressed in bright African cloth.  The vivid colors covered their bodies and crowned their heads.  Children strapped to their backs, cleaned and primped in what seemed to me to be their Sunday best.  Based on my first judgments, it seemed to me that most if not all of the women had running water and perhaps even some electricity.  I had already seen some houses around Ruli and I was now imagining household scenarios for each of the women. Had I only met with the participants during our scheduled health center meetings, I would have kept my first judgments intact and maintained a blissful ignorance to the challenges these women faced.  I would have never learned that two lost their homes in the past year to landslides and both rebuilt their homes by hand.  None of them have electricity or running water for that matter.  All but one have dirt floors, all but two cook with an open flame in an enclosed space. Four of them have other children who have suffered with malnutrition in the past.  None of them are married and four of the women are heads of their household. And one participant walks 2.5 hours one-way to attend meetings at the health center. The shock of the situation was felt not only by the American team, but also our Rwandan counterparts. Karekezi Sylvere, the HV nurse who coordinates the program, explained, “Each of our patients comes to clinic clean and well dressed. They all do everything we ask, and they always arrive on time. I was very surprised to discover the ways that they are living. With each home visit, I saw a new and sad reality of what it means to be poor”.  The home visits exposed the true reality of hardship endured by rural Rwandan poor and has shed light on the numerous needs of our participants.  Click on the photo below to get a glimpse into our experiences:

As many of you know, The Ihangane Project has been working with Nyange Health Center, Ruli District Hospital, Catapult Design and Solar Electric Light Fund to bring solar electricity to Nyange. Thanks to a collaborative grant with UCLA HIV Care Clinic, we are excited to announce that SELF completed installation of solar equipment at Nyange Health Center in September 2010. This video describes some of the process, as well as what electricity means to those who provide and receive health care services here.

While we were in Rwanda this summer, we performed electricity assessments for 4 more health sites. Thanks to the collaborative grant with UCLA, we will be able to provide solar power at these sites within the next 4 months. The following video provides a glimpse into what it means to be a rural health center without electricity!

Exemplifying Resilience

In 2002, Leonille was working as a secretary at the tribunal in Ruli Sector. One evening, she was returning to Ruli from Rushashi with her 3 month old son on a very crowded mini-bus when the vehicle crashed.  She saw nothing but blood and bodies all around her, and did not know if her son was alive or dead.

Leonille spent over a month in Ruli District Hospital’s intensive care unit, where she received many blood transfusions due to persistent internal bleeding. She was barely conscious during this time. When her mind finally cleared, she discovered that her back was broken.

“In fact”, describes Leonille, “I felt that every part of my body was broken”. She spent the following five months in the hospital trying to recover, as well as countless additional surgeries to repair damage to her broken bones. Knowledge that her son was indeed alive motivated her to continue living and healing.

Leonille discovered that she was HIV+ in 2007.  When she heard the words “HIV Positive”, Leonille felt as though she was dying a second death. She often asked God, “why am I not dead?”  She began to think about her future, and her son Joshua. One day, she woke up with renewed determination to survive.  She asked a friend to teach her how to bead so that she could work again.

“It is not good to just close my arms and die.  I must find a way to have the strength to live”

In the beginning, Leonille continued to feel as though her body refused to work. Every time she moved, it was like she was opening a wound. Gradually, she became stronger and more confident. Now, she finds inspiration everywhere. She looks at her son, who is now first in his class at school. She also looks at the board that displays her variety of beaded artwork, and she feels productive and proud. 

Leonille has developed a talent for creating beautiful earrings, necklaces, and beaded coasters. She is now expanding her skills to include beaded place mats to match her colorful coasters, and she is experimenting with a new design of purses. Through her work with the Ihangane Association, she is able to provide for herself, her son and her entire extended family. “God is number one”, proclaims Leonille “and everyone should believe”.

The spirit of generosity is a hallmark of the Rwandan people. Even those in the most difficult of circumstances share what they have with others in need. This spirit is best exemplified by the traditional Rwandan Agaseke basket. The Agaseke is so important to the culture of Rwanda that an image of this basket can be found on the Rwandan national emblem. Often referred to as wedding baskets, the Agaseke is a symbol of generosity, gratitude, and compassion. Whether transporting wedding gifts, offerings to the priests, or bringing food to a friend in need, the process of giving is always the common thread. While in Rwanda this summer, we had the great opportunity to meet with seven HIV + women who are participating in a pilot program aimed at preventing malnutrition amongst HIV-exposed children. We sat as a group to discuss the strengths and weaknesses that were noted over the first year of the project. At the end of our meeting, we were presented with a beautiful Agaseke basket that was filled to the brim with peanuts.

The gift became even more touching when we later visited the homes of each of these women. I was shocked to discover the extreme poverty in which these women live, and even more overwhelmed by their generous expression of gratitude. In a separate program, The Ihangane Project works with two women’s handicraft associations to strengthen their business skills and to improve access to markets for their beautiful crafts. Each group has unique visions for their futures. Association Ihangane, founded by Dusabyemaliya Madeleine, envisions itself to be a teaching institution that specializes in the production of traditional Rwandan crafts. When Madeleine heard of the dire circumstances of the HIV+ women in the pilot nutrition project, she immediately offered to begin training these women in the art of handmade Rwandan crafts at no cost. As we speak, these two groups are now merged together to support one another and to find ways to lift themselves out of extreme poverty. Now, you may wonder how this all relates back to weddings…..and to the wedding basket! These beautiful baskets reflect traditional Rwandan culture, and exemplify the resilience and generosity by which these women live their daily lives. Traditionally sized baskets can be integrated into a marriage ceremony, or miniature baskets can be provided as gifts to wedding guests. The Agaseke symbolizes the generosity and gratitude that each marriage would be blessed to have.   These beautiful baskets can be purchased through our online store at  http://www.shop.theihanganeproject.com/, or by sending an email to The Ihangane Project at info@theihanganeproject.com

2008 International AIDS Conference, Mexico City 

MEXICO CITY 1

The Ihangane Project in action! Board members and mother-daughter team, Wendy and Sharon Leonard, run the Ihangane booth at the Global Village during the International AIDS Conference. Dr. Ngirabega, our Rwandan counterpart, was the set up/breakdown expert~ and we would have never found all the lids to those baskets without his help! The conference was an incredible mix of fantastic lectures, ecclectic personalities, collaborations, and a little site seeing.